India has a well-established statutory, administrative and judicial framework for criminal trials. Indian Penal laws are primarily governed by three Acts: 1. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.); 2. The Indian Penal Code, 1960 (IPC); 3. The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA). The Code of Criminal Procedure is a comprehensive and exhaustive procedural law for conducting a criminal trial in India, including the manner for collection of evidence, examination of witnesses, interrogation of accused, arrests, safeguards and procedure to be adopted by Police and Courts, bail, the process of the criminal trial, method of conviction, and the rights of the accused for a fair trial. The procedure for a criminal trial in India, is primarily, except as otherwise provided, governed by The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.). IPC is India's primary penal law, which applies to all offences, except as may be provided under any other law in India. IEA is a de...
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